An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality
- Pollutants and Sources of Indoor Air Pollution
* Asbestos [THIS PAGE DEALS ONLY WITH ASBESTOS]
* Biological Pollutants
* Carbon Monoxide (CO)
* Formaldehyde/Pressed Wood Products
* Lead (Pb)
* Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
* Pesticides
* Radon (Rn)
* Respirable Particles
* Secondhand Smoke/ Environmental Tobacco Smoke
* Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys
* Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Read "The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality" Also read "Care for Your Air"
Asbestos
Asbestos is a mineral fiber that has been used commonly in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and as a fire-retardant. EPA and CPSC have banned several asbestos products. Manufacturers have also voluntarily limited uses of asbestos. Today, asbestos is most commonly found in older homes, in pipe and furnace insulation materials, asbestos shingles, millboard, textured paints and other coating materials, and floor tiles.
Elevated concentrations of airborne asbestos can occur after asbestos-containing materials are disturbed by cutting, sanding or other remodeling activities. Improper attempts to remove these materials can release asbestos fibers into the air in homes, increasing asbestos levels and endangering people living in those homes.
Asbestos is defined as a group of impure magnesium silicate minerals which occur in fibrous form. EPA's Asbestos program in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances is at www.epa.gov/asbestos
Contents
* Sources of Asbestos
* Health Effects
* Levels in Homes
* Steps to Reduce Exposure
* Additional Resources
For Questions Regarding Asbestos, Call EPA's TSCA Assistance Line
TSCA Assistance Line at (202) 554-1404 Find out whether your state has a training and certification program for asbestos removal contractors and other resources on asbestos, see also www.epa.gov/asbestos
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Hotline - Sponsored by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, the TSCA Hotline provides technical assistance and information about asbestos programs implemented under TSCA, which include; the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act (ASHARA). The Hotline provides copies of TSCA information, such as Federal Register notices and support documents, to requesters through its Clearinghouse function.
E-mail address: tsca-hotline@epa.gov
Hours of Service: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (EST) M - F
Telephone: (202) 554-1404
TDD: 202-554-0551
Fax: 202-554-5603 (Fax available 24 hours a day)
Sources of Asbestos
Deteriorating, damaged, or disturbed insulation, fireproofing, acoustical materials, and floor tiles.
Health Effects
No immediate symptoms, but long-term risk of chest and abdominal cancers and lung diseases. Smokers are at higher risk of developing asbestos-induced lung cancer. Integrated Risk Information System description on Asbestos - www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0371.htm#I.A. (Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number - 1332-21-4).
The most dangerous asbestos fibers are too small to be visible. After they are inhaled, they can remain and accumulate in the lungs. Asbestos can cause lung cancer, mesothelioma (a cancer of the chest and abdominal linings), and asbestosis (irreversible lung scarring that can be fatal). Symptoms of these diseases do not show up until many years after exposure began. Most people with asbestos-related diseases were exposed to elevated concentrations on the job; some developed disease from exposure to clothing and equipment brought home from job sites.
How Can Asbestos Affect My Health? (From "Asbestos in Your Home - www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ashome.html)
From studies of people who were exposed to asbestos in factories and shipyards, we know that breathing high levels of asbestos fibers can lead to an increased risk of:
* lung cancer
* mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the chest and the abdominal cavity; and
* asbestosis, in which the lungs become scarred with fibrous tissue.
The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma increases with the number of fibers inhaled. The risk of lung cancer from inhaling asbestos fibers is also greater if you smoke. People who get asbestosis have usually been exposed to high levels of asbestos for a long time. The symptoms of these diseases do not usually appear until about 20 to 30 years after the first exposure to asbestos.
Most people exposed to small amounts of asbestos, as we all are in our daily lives, do not develop these health problems. However, if disturbed, asbestos material may release asbestos fibers, which can be inhaled into the lungs. The fibers can remain there for a long time, increasing the risk of disease. Asbestos material that would crumble easily if handled, or that has been sawed, scraped, or sanded into a powder, is more likely to create a health hazard.
Levels in Homes
Elevated levels can occur in homes where asbestos-containing materials are damaged or disturbed.
Steps to Reduce Exposure
* It is best to leave undamaged asbestos material alone if it is not likely to be disturbed.
* Use trained and qualified contractors for control measures that may disturb asbestos and for cleanup.
* Follow proper procedures in replacing wood stove door gaskets that may contain asbestos.
If you think your home may have asbestos, don't panic!
Usually it is best to leave asbestos material that is in good condition alone. Generally, material in good condition will not release asbestos fiber. There is no danger unless fibers are released and inhaled into the lungs.
Do not cut, rip, or sand asbestos-containing materials.
Leave undamaged materials alone and, to the extent possible, prevent them from being damaged, disturbed, or touched. Periodically inspect for damage or deterioration. Discard damaged or worn asbestos gloves, stove-top pads, or ironing board covers. Check with local health, environmental, or other appropriate officials to find out about proper handling and disposal procedures. If asbestos material is more than slightly damaged, or if you are going to make changes in your home that might disturb it, repair or removal by a professional is needed. Before you have your house remodeled, find out whether asbestos materials are present.
When you need to remove or clean up asbestos, use a professionally trained contractor.
Select a contractor only after careful discussion of the problems in your home and the steps the contractor will take to clean up or remove them. Consider the option of sealing off the materials instead of removing them.
Additional Resources
Asbestos in Your Home
This brochure, authored by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances' Asbestos Program, discusses health effects of asbestos exposure, identifies common products and building materials from the past that might contain asbestos, and describes conditions that may cause release of asbestos fibers. Describes how to identify materials that contain asbestos and how to control an asbestos problem. Explains the role of asbestos professionals and use of asbestos inspectors and removal contractors. This brochure was co-authored with the American Lung Association and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
* www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ashome.html
* [EPA 400-K-90-100, Sept. 1990]
See also:
* Asbestos in Schools Publications from EPA www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/schools.html
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